Case Study 6-1 Surface Bargaining - 926 Words

Case study 6-1 Surface Bargaining Based on the information provided and the court’s conclusion, the company was acting in good faith, utilizing the tool to flexibly and proactively to deal with the labor union. This is because the company met with the union at regular intervals without any anti-union intentions. Also, the company’s actions, during and after the negotiations, did not display any intentions of not concluding the bargaining agreement as claimed by the union (Kochan, 1980). In addition, the company’s proposal to the union was mainly factual and was the company’s right to deny the union control over the company. Generally, the company’s aim, in this case, was to lay the foundation for productive ongoing relationship with the labor union. The most important proposals that the company laid out to the union was on wages. The company proposed to retain absolute control of wages which is the right of the company to determine wages for the employees and not the union members. Wages are the core reasons for the formation of unions and therefore play a bigger factor in determining an act of good faith. In this case, the company’s waive to retain absolute control over employees’ wages was within the jurisdiction of the company according to the law. The most crucial negotiating techniques, both parties need to embrace are control over the agenda. Collective bargaining involves maintaining the upper hand in which the company has ensured. Establishing ground rules beforeShow MoreRelated3-D Printing, Soligen and Other Companies5712 Words   |  23 PagesQuestion 1: Select 2-3 companies profiled in the case and discuss the formulation of their respective strategies for commercializing the TDP Technology The three companies we would further discuss are the Soligen, Specific Surface Corporation (SSC) and Z Corp. Sloigen: Soligen Technology Inc. was founded by Yehoramo Uziel, it was incorporated in Delaware in October 1991, and commenced operations in April 1992. 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Logistics and operations mgt Free Essays

1. INTRODUCTION This report has been divided into two sections. The first section consists of defining TQM in the context of product and service and applying TQM methodology to the development of product. We will write a custom essay sample on Logistics and operations mgt or any similar topic only for you Order Now The second section would consider five objectives of operations management against a budget airline (i.e. Ryanair). 2. Total Quality Management It is not easy to define Total Quality Management (TQM) precisely because it is a philosophy of total organisational involvement in terms of improving quality of products/services (Pegels, 1995; Allen, 2004). Juran (1981) and Agus (2002) describe service-based TQM as a wide range of efforts aim at achieving overall service performance in areas of cost effectiveness, employee engagement, and customer satisfaction. In the manufacturing industry, TQM primarily deals with the quality of the product development from start to finish. The quality of the product is ensured at each step of the product development in terms of materials, costs, workmanship, processes, and pricing (Tennant, 2001). Nakajima (1988) defined TQM in product manufacturing context as â€Å"the plant of improvement methodology which enables continuous and rapid improvement of manufacturing processes through the use of employee involvement, employee empowerment and closed loop measurement of results† (cited in Seth and Tripathi, 2006, p. 812). From the above discussion, it can be concluded that TQM deals with the overall performance of the business, which is based on customer satisfaction, employee engagement, product quality, and management performance. It is also ensured that the entire activities are interlinked with each other so that the TQM framework should be applicable to all areas of concern as shown in figure 1 in appendix II. 2.1 Product Design and Development DMADV framework as six sigma strategy can be used to apply TQM methodology for the development of the product (Poornima and Charantimath, 2011). DMACV stands for Define, Measure, Analyse, Design, and Verify. Define: Juran and Gryna (1993) and Dale (1999) suggest that concurrent engineering technique can be applied during define phase where key staffs from different departments and internal and external customers meet with engineers and work closely with each other in defining the product parameters in order to avoid problems during subsequent production or assembly processes. Define phase is crucial in terms of product development so implementing Belbin teamwork theory can be a useful strategy to behave, contribute, and interrelate with others in a particular way (Belbin, 1993). Measure: In order to measure the reliability of the product, reliability engineering helps the organisation to discover the reasons of failure and also to set overall reliability goals to prevent the product against failures by identifying critical areas of product success (Bergman and Klefsjo, 1994). In this phase, the key practices include the use of modular designs by breaking the whole work into smaller parts in producing the particular product (Juran and Gryna, 1993). Work Breakdown Structure is the common technique that can be utilised in this phase of product development (Feigenbaum, 1991). Analyse: Value engineering helps the organisation to analyse the impact of internal and external factors that cause to increase the cost of the products. After the critical analysis, the management attempts to reduce or completely eliminate the impact of gratuitous costs that do not contribute to the worth or the performance of the product (Dale, 1999). Design: Today, experimental design is known as one of the best techniques in new product development. According to Blake et al (1994, p.99), â€Å"experimental design is a strategic weapon to battle competitors worldwide by developing robust products, reducing time to market, improving quality and reliability, and reducing life-cycle cost† because the analytical examination of the information found by experimental design can result in the identification of numerous parameters related to the new product (Dale, 1999). Moreover, Computer-Aided Design is a popular tool that helps the firms to design a new product using computer. The CAD system also provides the facility to customize products quickly and inexpensively (Juran and Gryna, 1993). Verify: The quality function deployment technique is used to determine whether the product meets the expectations of the customers. For this purpose, matrix charts are used to determine and prioritize customer needs and expectations (Juran and Gryna, 1993). The summary of DMADV framework for developing product with the application of TQM methodology is displayed in Table 1 (see appendix I). 3. Operations Management – Competitive Factors According to Slack et al (2001), competitive advantage can be obtained by establishing a set of performance objectives that are based on product/service’s quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and cost. These key objectives can affect the internal productivity of the firm as well as help the organisation to gain competitive advantage in the external environment. In this section of the paper, the attempt will be made to consider these five objectives against a budget airline and for this purpose a case study of Ryanair is undertaken. Quality: Juran (1981) defined the quality as â€Å"fitness for use†. In general sense, the quality is the ability of the firm to generate error-free product/service according to the prescribed specifications. In case of budget airlines, this includes well-organized booking, efficient luggage handling, maintenance, punctuality, reliability, and communication with customers. Ryanair is UK’s famous budget airline but due to the gap between quality specifications and quality delivery, its popularity is going down day-by-day. This can be judged through the recent customer reviews on SkyTrax website (SkyTrax, 2012). Speed: According to Slack et al (2001), speed refers the ability to accomplish the task quickly in responding customer demands. From budget airline perspective, speed is concerned with reducing time of reservation and luggage handling. Also, turnaround time of aircraft and its maintenance considered as two most important speed factors in airline industry. Ryanair is currently looking to improve it services in terms of speed by taking advantage from the advanced technology like internet. In order make reservation system speedy, Ryanair converted its host reservations system to a new system so-called ‘Flight Speed’ (Ryanair strategy, n.d.). Dependability/reliability: In most cases, dependability refers to the ability to deliver products/service on time according to the promises made to the customers. In the airline industry, this refers to on-time flights without major delays with the reliability of luggage service. According to the statistics of 2011, Ryanair is the leading budget airline in UK in terms of reliability of being on schedule and less than one missed bags per 1000 passengers (Ryanair Annual report, 2011). Flexibility: Slack et al (2007) states that flexibility means additional options to customers in terms of volume, delivery, and range of products and services. In a budget airline, customers usually get basic products and services in return of ordinary fare but they can get a variety of additional products and services by paying extra money. In case of Ryanair, flexibility refers to the diversification of additional services as well as the capacity to consider substitutes for numerous service industries such as maintenance agreements and outsourced functions (Ryanair annual report, 2011). Cost: According to Shingo (1988), the traditional cost model consists of maximising the profit by reducing cost of the operations. Nowadays, the most crucial factor for a budget airline is to run their operations against increasing fuel prices. Unlike other low cost airlines, Ryanair is committed to absorb the fluctuations of fuel prices without imposing them on customers. This policy resulted in first annual loss for Ryanair in 2009 when the fuel prices were very high (BBC news, 2009). Figure 2 in appendix II is showing how these operational objectives affect the internal and external operations of the budget airline in terms of obtaining competitive advantage. Similarly, table 2 in appendix I is demonstrating how budget airlines can achieve operations excellence in improving competitiveness by applying different techniques. 3.1 Four V’s of Operations Management Slack et al (2007) introduced 4v’s operational model to describe and organise the management operations. The four V’s are volume, variety, variation, and visibility. According to them, it is important to understand how different operations are positioned on the 4V model. Figure 3 in appendix II is representing 4V model against operational objectives of a budget airline. REFERENCES Agus, A., (2002). TQM as a focus for improving overall service performance and customer satisfaction: an empirical study on a public service sector in Malaysia. Total Quality Management, 15 (56), pp. 615 – 628 Allen, J. E., (2004). Assisted Living Administration: The Knowledge Base, 2nd edition, Springer Publishing Company Anthony, J. and Preece, D., (2001). Understanding, managing, and implementing quality: frameworks, techniques, and cases, Routledge BBC News, (2009). Ryanair reports first annual loss, [online]. Available from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8078349.stm [Accessed: 08 May 2012] Belbin, R. M., (1993). Team roles at work, Butterworth-Heinemann Bergman, B. and Klefsjo, B., (1994). Quality: from customer needs to customer satisfaction, Studentlitteratur Blake, S., Launsby, R.G., and Weese, D.L., (1994). Experimental design meets the realities of the 1990s, Quality Progress, pp. 99-101 Dale, B. G., (1994). Managing quality. 2nd edition, Prentice Hall Dale, B. G., (1999). Managing quality. 3rd edition, Oxford: Blackwell-Business Feigenbaum, A., (1991). Total quality control. 3rd edition, New York: McGraw-Hill Juran, J. M., (1981). Juran on quality improvement: workbook, Juran Institute Juran, J. M. and Gryna, F. M., (1993). Quality Planning and Analysis. 3rd Edition, New York: McGraw-Hill Nakajima, S., (1988). Total Productive Maintenance. Cambridge: Productivity Press Pegels, C. C., (1995). Total quality management: a survey of its important aspects. New York: Boyd and Fraser Poornima, C. M. and Charantimath, P. M., (2011). Total Quality Management, Pearson Education India Ryanair strategy, (n.d.). Strategy, [online]. Available from: http://www.ryanair.com/doc/investor/Strategy.pdf [Accessed: 07 May 2012] Ryanair annual report, (2011). The World’s favourite airline, [online]. Available from: http://www.ryanair.com/doc/investor/2011/Annual_Report_2011_Final.pdf [Accessed: 07 May 2012] Seth, D. and Tripathi, D., (2006). A critical study of TQM and TPM approaches on business performance on Indian manufacturing industry, Total Quality Management, 17(7), pp. 811 – 824 SkyTrax, (2012). Ryanair passenger reviews and Ryanair customer trip reports, [online]. Available from: http://www.airlinequality.com/Forum/ryan.htm [Accessed: 07 May 2012] Slack, N., Chambers, S. and Johnson, R., (2001). Operations management. 3rd edition, FT/Prentice Hall Slack, N., Chambers, S. and Johnson, R., (2007). Operations management. 5th edition, Pearson Education Ltd Shingo, S., (1988). Non-Stock Production: The Shingo System for Continuous Improvement, Productivity Press Stevenson, W. J., (2002). Operations management, 7th edition, McGraw-Hill Irwin Tennant, G., (2001). Six sigma: SPC and TQM in manufacturing and services. Gower Publishing Ltd How to cite Logistics and operations mgt, Essay examples

The Conflict In The Balkans Is Interesting Because For Years, Essays

The conflict in the Balkans is interesting because for years, reporters and politicians have touted it as being the result of ancient ethnic hatred but that isnt the case. The people of the region lived together peacefully for centuries and any conflicts that have arose among people were based not on ethnic origin but other things like class, ruling party, etc. In fact, any problems that have arose in the former Yugoslavia have more to do with the issues raised by nationalism that developed during World War II and not centuries of three different peoples living together. This paper will explore the history of the conflict in the Balkans from the time shortly after Josip Tito passed away until just before the Dayton Accords. Additionally, it will be shown that at each of the three distinct points of the conflict, the international community and the United States had it within their power to stop the violence. The three distinct phases are Kosovo, secession, and Bosnia and at each point, the lack of action or overreaction of the international community failed to solve the problem. The first phase of Yugoslavian disintegration can be attributed to the conditions of the people living in Kosovo, an autonomous province of Yugoslavia. In 1981, the socioeconomic conditions in Kosovo were far worse than those in the other republics of Yugoslavia. Poverty was rampant and unemployment was around twenty percent as compared to about two percent in Slovenia that same year. The standard of living in Kosovo was deplorable and whatever aid that was given to the province by the federal government was mismanaged (Samary, 65). Another significant problem with this particular province was that while the Serbs claimed the province as the Cradle of Serbian Empire because of a legendary battle and defeat that happened at Kosovo in 1389, the Albanians constituted approximately eighty percent of the population of Kosovo. In reality, Kosovo could be claimed more by the Albanian majority than by the Serb minority. Many of the valiant warriors who fought and died at the Battle of Kosovo were in fact Albanian warriors, a fact seldom acknowledged by the Serb leadership. Furthermore, historical evidence suggests that Illyrians, the ancestors of Albanians, formed their first communities in Kosovo. The Serb Empire was not as grand and powerful as modern Serbia would contend. Relations between Albanians and Serbs were good in the Middle Ages because of the many reasons that tensions exist today between nation states i.e. customs, trade, immigration, and so on (Samary, 36). Kosovo, by nearly all accounts but the Serb interpretation of the Battle of Kosovo, is an Albanian area. Albanians were given majority rule of Kosovo in the 1960s by Tito in order to act as a hegemon to the power of Serbia. Under independent rule, the region was able to make available an Albanian curriculum and Albanian culture grew in importance. Economically, however, Kosovo was still suffering since whatever gains the economy made were outdone by the gains in population made by the Albanian Muslims who averaged six to eight children per family. The power in Kosovo was vested in a small group of elite Albanians who did well at advancing national identity and improving education and other public works but who were poor at managing and maintaining a functional economy. Whenever federal funds were given to the province, those elites at the top either wasted the money on grandiose projects and ornate buildings or on their new and privileged lifestyles (Bennett, 88) On March 11, 1981, the students of Pristina University, in Kosovo, organized a protest against the deplorable living conditions on the campus. At the protest, they voiced their malcontent with the poverty and unemployment if life in Kosovo. They then marched to the provincial League of Communists only to have the demonstration halted by the police. The leadership of the League of Communists demanded that the leaders of the protests be brought into custody fearing that if the leadership of the protests remained, the protests would continue. The police complied and in a moment of solidarity with the student leaders, students poured into the streets demanding that their classmates be released from custody. The unrest was escalated by excessive police brutality and on April 3, 1981, Belgrade imposed martial law (Bennett, 89). It is suggested that this particular time in the history of Yugoslavia is when the disintegration of Yugoslavia occurred. Tito had died less than a year before the incident in Kosovo and the Yugoslav Army (JNA) was pointing their weapons at fellow Yugoslavians. For the first time in Titos Yugoslavia, the federal government had sided with one ethnic group over

Understanding the Latin Root Ambul

Understanding the Latin Root Ambul To become truly adept at understanding what you read, vocabulary acquisition is very important. You can certainly try to memorize list after list of vocabulary words by making  vocabulary flashcards, downloading the best  vocabulary apps, and completing  reading comprehension worksheets that focus on vocabulary, but youd still have gaps in your knowledge. One of the best, most efficient ways to increase your vocabulary is by understanding Greek and Latin roots, suffixes, and prefixes. There are  four really good reasons to learn them, and if you already understand that fact, then, by all means, take a peek at this Latin root ambul- and get started improving your vocabulary today. The Latin Root Ambul- Definition:  To walk, to take steps, to go around. From to wander; to go astray Pronunciation:  Ãƒ ¦m-bull Use the short vowel sound a.   English Words Using or Derived From Ambul Amble: To walk at a slow, easy pace. Meander. OR, when used as a noun, a slow easy walk or the ambling gait of a horse.Ambler: One who walks at a slow, easy pace or meanders.Ambulance: A specially equipped motor vehicle for carrying people or injured people, usually to a hospital.Ambulate: To walk about or move from place to place.Ambulant: Moving from place to place; shifting; itinerantAmbulatory: Of, or related to walking or moving; being able to walk or moveCircumambulate: To ceremoniously walk around or go about.Somnambulist: Someone who walks while sleeping.Perambulator (pram): A baby carriage.Preamble: Literally, to walk before. Modern usage: an introductory statement, preface, or introduction.   Alternate Spellings:  amble Examples in Context The dirty cowboy ambled up to the bar, spurs clinking on the wooden floorboards, and casually ordered two whiskeys: one for him, one for his horse.The dog groomers business has boomed since moving from a downtown office downtown to an ambulatory  grooming van.The new mom couldnt decide which perambulator would best carry the baby to the park while showcasing her posh style.Being a somnambulist isnt easy; you may wake up rummaging through the kitchen pantry with no memory of how you got there.  Never was there a more ambulant job than being a taxi driver in  New York.  The doctor said hed release her from the hospital as soon as she could ambulate on her own. Since the woman had no idea what the doctor meant (she didnt study her Latin roots), she removed the catheter and gave it a try. She didnt get to leave.After winning the grand championship, the MVP made a great show of circumambulating the field while the spectators cheered and whistled for their home team.

Women on Death Row

Women on Death Row It is indeed rare for a woman to be given the death sentence in the United States. Of the 3,146  persons on death row in the U.S. as of February 2013, only 61 of them, or 1.9 percent, were women. Of the 61 women who were on death row in 2013, 13  of them were convicted of killing their their husbands and/or boyfriends,  12 were convicted of killing their children and two killed both their husbands and their children, according to Victor L. Streibs research in Death Penalty For Female Offenders, January 1, 1973 through February 20, 2013.   Few Women on Death Row There are approximately 50,000 women in prisons in the United States, only 0.1 percent of them are on death row. In comparison to men, death sentencing rates remain very low, with only 566 total executions carried out against women since the first recorded execution in 1632 or less than 3 percent of the total executions. Very few women enter the capital murder system, and fewer still are ever actually executed, according to the Death Penalty Information Center: Women account for only 1 in 10 murder arrests.Women account for only 1 in 47 death sentences imposed at the trial level.Women account for only 1 in 51 persons presently on death row.Women account for only 1 in 110 persons actually executed in the modern era (since 1976). 14 Female Executions List of Women Executed in the United States Since 1976 Number Date Name Ageat Execution Ageat Offense Race State Method 1 November 2, 1984 Velma Margie Barfield 52 45 White North Carolina Lethal injection 2 February 3, 1998 Karla Faye Tucker 38 23 White Texas Lethal injection 3 March 30, 1998 Judias V. Buenoano 54 28 White Florida Electrocution 4 February 24, 2000 Betty Lou Beets 62 46 White Texas Lethal injection 5 May 2, 2000 Christina Marie Riggs 28 26 White Arkansas Lethal injection 6 January 11, 2001 Wanda Jean Allen 41 29 Black Oklahoma Lethal injection 7 May 1, 2001 Marilyn Kay Plantz 40 27 White Oklahoma Lethal injection 8 December 4, 2001 Lois Nadean Smith 61 41 White Oklahoma Lethal injection 9 May 10, 2002 Lynda Lyon Block 54 45 White Alabama Electrocution 10 October 9, 2002 Aileen Carol Wuornos 46 33 White Florida Lethal injection 11 September 14, 2005 Frances Elaine Newton 40 21 Black Texas Lethal injection 12 September 23, 2010 Teresa Wilson Bean Lewis 41 33 White Virginia Lethal injection 13 June 26, 2013 Kimberly LaGayle McCarthy 52 36 Black Texas Lethal injection 14 February 5, 2014 Suzanne Margaret Basso 59 44 White Texas Lethal injection Source: Death Penalty Information Center

Investigation of 2 evidences of the climate conditions of the last Research Paper

Investigation of 2 evidences of the climate conditions of the last Deglaciation - Research Paper Example Therefore, the paper presents an investigation of evidences and uses them to make inferences about the impacts of the last deglaciation away from the margin of the ice sheets, especially the formation of Scablands. Arguments from the Documentary In the documentary, the author attributes their formation to gradual soil erosion through the actions of rivers (NOVA, 2005). It is also assumed that it was formed by the action of glaciers during the ice age. Under the assumption, enormous sheets of gradual-moving ice that originated from Canada curved new landscape as it moved down-hill (NOVA, 2005). According to Harlen Bretz’s theory that reflected the scientific convention, Channeled Scablands resulted from an overnight enormous catastrophe, which is more Bible-inspired, but not gradual geological evolution, which is more scientific, oriented (Anderson & Anderson, 2010). He seemed to be discrediting the geological or scientific beliefs that the formation of such landscape might hav e resulted from a gradual process that would last for a long time. The Use of Scientific Evidence to Reconstruct Conditions of the Last Deglaciation According to Edmiston, Scablands are some of the prehistoric features (Edmiston, 2005). He argues that Pardee was among the early geologists to offer explanation regarding the formation of Scablands (Edmiston, 2005). He was of the opinion that the features might have resulted from the actions of ice-age glaciers. Particularly, glacial erosion could be responsible for the formation of such features (Soennichsen, 2008). In fact, he argued that normal erosion could not explain the formation of Scablands. He categorically explained that the deep gorge, large portholes resembling small lakes and sharp hanging dry falls are scientific evidences of glacial erosion (Bretz, Smith & Neff, 2006). Another scientific evidence to reconstruct Bretz’s theory was the enormous discharge from glacial lakes such as Missoula could yield such great vo lume of water, which might be responsible for the formation of channeled Scablands (Geological Survey, 2010). Later, scientists, through the analysis and application of hydrological principles, discovered that open-channel hydraulics was consistent with Bretz’s qualitative observations. Therefore, Bretz got support from the scientific evidence (Bretz, 2003). The other scientific evidence was the Columbia gorge that the scientists believed had significant discharge attributable to channeled Scablands (Summerfield, 2001). Yet, in different and convincing evidence, the geologists found another large lake believed to have been formed from glacial activities (Young & Stearley, 2008). The lake is situated in the West of Montana. Evidently, it empties catastrophically due to glacial actions (Burr, Carling & Baker, 2009). Subsequently, its waters spill over into the Scablands through the channels. The Relevance of Scientific Studies Due to the nature of the Channeled Scablands, thus being deep and containing many other physical features (Young & Stearley, 2008). Therefore, the gradualist explanation offered better account of the events, which might have led to the formation of the feature (Furtwangler, 1999). The Violent and rapid assumption theory of Bretz could not have scientific evide

New Market Expansion Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

New Market Expansion - Term Paper Example The company holds approximately 40,000 acres of rare-earth elements in various parts of the U.S including Colorado and Montana. The rare-earth minerals have been an important resource used in most advanced technologies, particularly clean-energy technology such as that used in energy-efficient cars as well as hi-tech products such as mobile phones, hard disk drives, digital music devices as well as the telecommunication sector including fiber-optic technology (U.S. Rare Earths, Inc., 2013). Additionally, these minerals have been used as in water purification treatments as well as radar devices and global navigation (U.S. Rare Earths, Inc., 2013). Therefore, this industry is highly valuable in terms of the usage of these minerals, and therefore, is highly rewarding as well. As noted by researchers, China is currently the single source that is enriched with these minerals and supplies 90% of the world’s supply of rare earths (Bloomberg News, 2013). As per China’s policy, exports of rare earths have been decreased with government plans to hoard up critical minerals. The Government of China seems to be taking active interest in this booming industry with the intention of developing particular types of â€Å"permanent magnets (Zhang, 2011)†. ... On the other hand, China’s recent move to cut exports critical to Western technologies seems to signal the government’s intention to give priority to the locals. This could threaten our ability to secure contract with the Chinese firm Xinhua which has been established for over 15 years in the field. Nevertheless, this industry provides the opportunity for lucrative profits as international prices of rare earth minerals are expected to rise (Market Watch: The Wall Street Journal, 2013). These prices are expected to increase for another two years or so. This demonstrates strong economic activity boosted by technological advancements and industrial demand. Owing to the critical political significance of this sector, the Chinese government is taking active interest in this industry by dictating policies for the exploitation of these rare minerals. The mounting political significance of this sector has led the government to maintain a great deal of ‘secrecy’ reg arding recent developments in this sector and, therefore, gaining the trust of the government as well as Xinhua will be a challenge. Despite various challenges, there is strong basis for entering into the Chinese market. In light of this, a joint venture arrangement shall be held with a local Chinese Rare Earth firm Xinhua. Considering that the company is dominantly Western in nature, this expansion shall mark a dramatic cultural shift in terms of the work practices and management style. For this purpose, it is useful to analyze the Chinese culture using the â€Å"high context† and â€Å"low context† classification. High context cultures have been typically defined as those whereby individuals use non-verbal