Aliso Creek

Aliso Creek Aliso Creek Since the first orange groves were established on Aliso Creek it has been chronically polluted with dangerous contaminants. The Creek runs westbound from the Santa Ana Mountains in South Orange County to the Pacific Ocean where it empties its contents at Aliso Creek State Beach in Laguna Beach. The pollution has escalated with the rapid urban development along the creek and its many tributaries.These pollutants have caused much harm to beachgoers, marine and aquatic life, and to the tourism industry of the communities that stretch the coastline. In the summers of 1999 and 2000, a half mile of Hunnington Beach, which lies North of Laguna Beach, was closed due to dangerously high bacteria counts in the water. The beach closure crippled the tourism of the fabled ?Surf City?. Similar problems are destined for Laguna Beach and the other communities near these river mouths. Beach closures are a common occurance in Laguna Beach and Dana Point to the South.English: Aerial shot of the mouth of Aliso Creek

How to Grow Color Change Crystals

How to Grow Color Change Crystals If you enjoy growing crystals, try this simple project that produces large crystals that change color from yellow to green to blue depending on light and temperature.   The crystals grow over a few hours to overnight and are sure to amaze! Color Change Crystal Materials Two chemicals react to produce the color change in the crystals: 10 grams potassium alum (potassium aluminum sulfate)3 grams red prussiate [potassium hexacyanoferrate(III)]50 milliliters hot water Alum is easy to find, but youll likely need to order red prussiate online. Another option is to simply order a color change crystal kit. The one by Thames and Kosmos is reliable and includes a total of three experiments. Prepare the Solution and Grow Crystals In a small clear container, simply dissolve the potassium alum and red prussiate in 50 milliliters of hot water. It make take a few minutes for the salts to fully dissolve. If you still have undissolved material after a couple of minutes, you can carefully set your container inside another larger container of very hot water, to act as a hot water bath and help the salts dissolve.Once the chemicals are dissolved, set your container of chemicals in a location where the crystals can grow without being disturbed.Youll start to see tiny crystals after 30 minutes to a couple of hours. Crystal growth should be complete overnight to a couple of days, depending mostly on temperature and the humidity of the air. At this point, the crystals will be yellowish green or green, depending on the temperature at which they grew.When you are satisfied with the crystal growth, use a spoon to remove the crystals from the container. You can set them on a saucer to dry. Dispose of the chemical solution by pouring it down the drain and rinsing with water. The easiest way to observe the color change is to divide the crystals between two containers. Place one container in a dark cabinet or closet and put the other container on a sunny window sill.Check on your crystals each day. Over time, the crystals in the sunlight will change color from yellow to green to blue. The crystals in the dark will remain yellow. The color change could take a couple of days, but in my experience, you see it within an hour or two. When I took the photo, the crystal on the left was canary yellow, but darkened to yellowish green under the bright lights How Color Changes Crystals Work Light and heat supply the energy to cause  a chemical reaction between the alum and red prussiate to produce Prussian blue or Berlin blue. This is an iron-based dye still in use today for blue ink cartridges and paints. Make Prussian Blue InkUse Prussian Blue in a Crystal Garden Safety Information The chemicals used in this project are safe to use, but you should wash your hands after handling the crystals, because the red prussiate and your crystals contain iron, which can be toxic if you get too much. Keep the chemicals and crystals out of reach of pets and young children for this reason. The kitchen is a perfect place to mix the solution and grow crystals, but be careful you dont get burned by the hot water and be sure to keep the chemicals and crystals away from food. Rinse any kitchen cookware you use so it doesnt have chemical residue. More Chemicals That Grow Crystals

Managing Diversity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Managing Diversity - Research Paper Example The paper tells that the modern business environment is observed to become increasingly competitive undergoing constant alterations owing to globalization. This certain fact is in turn growing to be a major challenge for the survival of the organizations in the current day context. The rate of globalization is rapidly escalating, simultaneously triggering the need of increased communication in between the people with varied beliefs, backgrounds and cultures compared to the earlier times. Individuals are no more considered to exist in a limited marketplace as the factor of globalization makes them an integral part of the global economy and is believed to face competition from almost all the continents. Owing to such reasons, it becomes necessary for profit as well as non-profit organizations to entail and accept diversity so as to attain increased creativeness along with becoming open to different types of alterations. Capitalizing as well as maximizing on the element of diversity is developing to become quite a significant issue related to management in the present times. Diversity refers to the concept of comprehending, recognizing, accommodating and assessing along with commemorating about the dissimilarities that exists among individuals with regard to class, gender, mental stability, sexual-orientation, status related to public assistance, age, ethnicity, physical competence, race, and spiritual application. The issues associated with diversity are presently regarded as significant and are even anticipated to gain augmented significance in the upcoming days owing to the growing dissimilarities in the population. It is considered to be imperative for the organizations to concentrate on the element of diversity and seek for different ways in order to become completely comprehensive organizations. Diversity is believed to entail the prospective of reaping increased productivity level accompanied with competitive advantages. In this context, managing as well as assessing diversity is learnt to be a vital constituent associated with effectual people management which is competent of enhancing the productivity of the organizations (Rosado, 2006). Concept of Managing Diversity The international environment of business, increased requirements owing to the intense competitiveness and demographic alterations calls for the requirement of diversity. In this regards, managing diversity has been referred to the practice related to learning which paves the path towards overall organizational competence. The development of this competence is measured to be immensely important in a modern organization for the reason of effectually acting in response to the issues as well as prospects that are triggered owing to the existing socio-cultural form of diversity with regard to a particularly distinct social system. Management of diversity is believed to take place by pursuing a definite order of steps with the aid of which individuals as well as organization s progress from lack of knowledge. This is again associated with the definite topic till the stage or a level where the activities with regard to diversity manipulating the organizations, their consequences and their workforce is comprehended (Cox & Beale, 1997). Managing diversity is also referred to the constant process which helps in setting free of the different talents along with proficiencies that is brought into a particular organization, society and community by its respective diverse population with the aim to build a completely inclusive along with wholesome environment. This particular environment is believed to hold increased significance as it helps in effectively managing the differences along with making the most of the entire latent of all the involved individuals which proves to be beneficial for all from a cultural perspective (Rosado, 2006). Diversity is stated to be a budding notion in the current phenomenon. This specific term is believed to be both particular b eing centered on a definite individual and being contextual

Why do some international joint ventures succeed whereas others fail Essay

Why do some international joint ventures succeed whereas others fail - Essay Example Hence owners can disagree on the international venture’s goals making the performance of the venture more difficult to define and measure than performance of conventional organizations. Therefore, dissolution of international joint ventures (IJVs) signals not only the failure of the joint venture but also a realization of agreed goals by involved partners. Various scholars draw upon various contextual and internal factors organised in various theoretical perspectives to explain instability and failure of international joint ventures. First, the study considers benefits of conceptualising IJVs as cooperative or expedient collaboration and secondly draws on the distinctions to examine differences between instability and failure theories through structural and processual lenses. International joint ventures as cooperation experience instability from factors that erode trust, commitment, forbearance and other similar partnership qualities. For instance, a venture that lacks compli mentary with the partner is bound to be unstable; moreover, the same applies to ventures associated with significant partner differences regarding values, identities, goals, interests and practices (Salk and Shenkar, 2001). The perspective of selecting the wrong partner reduces the possibility of developing trust, which compromises cooperation making the venture vulnerable to instability. Another view conceptualises IJV as transitional organization, whose initial structure and internal dynamism create inevitable tendency to instability, which results in dissolution (Peng and Shenkar, 2002). The approach presumes that partners engage in IJVs with expedient motives seeing the partnership as a short-term instrument for serving their competitive self-interests by exploiting other partners’ weaknesses or gaining at the expense of other partners. Within this view, one variant stresses structural factors to explain imminent instability of IJVs and the other theorises instability and failure as products of internal political processes. Early influential approaches emphasise the need for parent partner to establish appropriate governance structures because when expedience prevails, IJV pose great risks to the parents like the loss of technical or strategic capabilities to opportunistic behaviour (Noe, Rebello, and Shrikhande, 2002). Most scholars are persuaded that that dominant equity control by one parent likely leads to venture success since benefits are associated with the unitary control framework (Hauswald and Hege, 2003). Similar to equity shares, which have gained dominant management control associated with the success of IJV, equal division of management control is associated with inter-parental disputes, instability and failure. Hence, structures suggest IJV’s destiny avails itself in control structures established in the original bargain. However, another complementary perspective argues that venture instability is a process dev eloped by paren ts in the lifetime of the IJV. As competition for competence, the IJV process involves multiple ‘micro bargains’ between parents as each seek to acquire the strength to exploit weaknesses of the other, the processual approach accentuate the significance of bargaining power as each manoeuvre within the IJV structure to augment its control and attain its ends (Hamel, 1991; Inkpen and Beamish, 1997). Acquisition of knowhow appears to the central aspect in joint ventures, besides joint ventures seem to be temporary in nature since there is no competition where optimal contracts are used. Moreover, duration of joint ventures relies on the

Management Decision Making Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Management Decision Making - Coursework Example What are some of the drawbacks of having biases? Could there be any advantages to having biases? Explain. What are the implications for decision making? A. Biases may lead to self assumed and irrational analysis of situations thereby resulting into superstitious decisions. When identified and understood, biases may help managers analyse and select various inputs from individuals/groups. Biases tend to limit the thought process of managers thus jeopardising their decision-making skills. A. I would call myself an intuitive thinker. Systematic decision-making approach results in more robust solutions. Whereas, results based on pure intuitions might save on time but can be misleading. Latter approach may, however, prove more creative. Organisations need both A. In today’s world of technological advancements where business has gone borderless and complex, it is humanly not possible to adhere to the conventional model. It is, therefore, economical to simplify the situation using bounded rational model and then follow the steps of rational model for making decisions which can give fine solutions, if not optimal. A. Good managers make bad decisions when they let their personal biases uncontrolled or restrict their decision making skills because of organisation’s culture. Identifying and controlling biases, staying focused on objectives, overcoming inertia against change, and staying on guard against ‘Yes Man’ trap are few ways to improve decision making

Streptococcus Lactis: Structure and Applications

Streptococcus Lactis: Structure and Applications The following paper describes the bacteria Lactococcus lactis previously referred to as Streptococcus lactis. Lactococcus lactis is used in the making of dairy products. The most common of these products are milk, cheese, and yogurt. Researchers are also looking at the potential of Lactococcus lactis to be used in conjunction with vaccines. I chose to write about this microbe because of the many uses and interesting facts. Lactococcus lactis has served humanity in the past; presently it remains useful in many ways and has the potential to be even a greater asset in the future. Lactococcus Lactis Introduction Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis), is a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that is nonpathogenic and Gram-positive. The genus Lactococcus is closely related to the genus Streptococcus and is used extensively in the fermenting of milk. It is also the best-characterized lactic acid bacterium (Bolotin, Wincker, Mauger, Jaillon, Malarme, Weissenbach, Ehrlich, Sorokin, 2001). By nature, L. lactis inhabits a function connected to plant and animal surfaces and the gastrointestinal tract of the animal. On plant surfaces, it is inactive but it is believed to reproduce in the gastrointestinal tract after being swallowed (Bolotin et al., 2001). In comparison, researchers have termed what they call a domesticated species of L. lactis. This species is used in the making of dairy products such as cheese, buttermilk, and yogurt. It also serves a different function that is identified by the use of technology such as fast growth and rapid production of lactic acid in milk (Bolotin et al., 2001). Cell Morphology Streptococcus lies under the Domain Bacteria. The term strepto means chained and the term coccus means round, therefore streptococcus cells are spherical and occur in pairs or chains that can be short or long in length (Breed, Murray, Smith, 1957, p. 508). Up until 1985, L. lactis was originally classified under the genus Streptococcus (MicrobeWiki, n.d.). They are non-motile, do not produce spores and have a fermentative metabolism (Bacteria Genomes, n.d.). They also have no pigment; however, in some strains a brick-red or yellow pigment may occur under certain environments (Breed et al., 1957, p. 508). A fermentable carbohydrate or polyhydroxy alcohol is essential for suitable growth in artificial media (Breed et al., 1957, p. 508). The average coccus is small about 1 ÃŽÂ ¼m in diameter (Engelkirk Engelkirk, 2011), which may vary from rough to smooth to mucoid (Breed et al., 1957, pps. 508-509). Carbohydrate fermentation is homofermentative with dextro rotator lactic acid as t he main end result. Carbon dioxide is produced in very small amounts or not at all from sugar fermentation (Breed et al., 1957, p. 509). With respect to their nutrition, all streptococci are particular and and require a number of the B vitamins and amino acids for growth (Breed et al., 1957, p. 509). Species have their own nutritional requirements. Streptococcus is generally found wherever natural substances that contain sugars are accumulated. They occur regularly within the mouth and intestines of humans and animals, in dairy and other food products, and in plant juices that are fermenting (Breed et al., 1957, p. 509). Genome Properties The genome of L. lactis is a circular chromosome with 2,365,589 base pair, where 86% of the genome code for protein, 1.4% for RNA, and 12.6% for noncoding region. 64.2% of the genes code for known functional proteins and 20.1% of the genes for known protein with unknown function. The remaining 15.7% of the genes are unidentified proteins that may be unique to the Lactococcus (MicrobeWiki, n.d.). According to Todar, (2011), the subspecies of L. lactis are used extensively as models in lactic acid bacteria research. One subspecies, Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris is characterized by the laboratory strains LM0230 and MG1363, and it is best preferred for the making of hard cheeses. The other subspecies, Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis is considered the workhorse strain and is represented by IL1403 (Todar, 2011). This subspecies is best preferred for the making of soft cheeses. Todar (2011) also suggests that beginning in 2001, these strains have been sequenced. In other words, there is a better understanding of how these bacteria are associated with their function. Finally, the ability to compare genomes has led to more knowledge of how the variety of Lactococcus strains adapt to their environments. This ability to compare has also lead to unanticipated findings. It has been suggested that this bacterium can perform aerobic respiration and can undergo horizontal gene transmission by the process of transformation (Todar, 2011). With that, it is possible that Lactococcus lactis can be used to improve minuscule things such as flavor, texture, and preservation of 10 million pounds of cheese that is produced annually (Todar, 2011). It is important to be able to examine and decipher the characteristics of bacteria in order to provide data for identification and classification (Engelkirk Engelkirk, 2011). Unique Properties As previously mentioned, Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) is one of the most important micro-organisms in the dairy industry (Bacteria Genomes, n.d.). It is essential in the development and production of products by this industry. When L. lactis is added to milk, the bacterium uses enzymes to produce energy molecules (called ATP) from lactose. The byproduct of ATP energy production is lactic acid (Bacteria Genomes, n.d.). This lactic acid that is produced by the bacterium causes the milk to curdle and separate to produce curds, which is then used for cheese and whey (Bacteria Genomes, n.d.). The specific types of dairy that use L. lactis for its manufacturing include the cheeses Cheddar, Colby, Camembert, Roquefort, Brie, cottage cheese, cream cheese, and other dairy products such as butter, buttermilk, sour cream, and kefir (Todar, 2011). It is also accepted as a source of vegetable fermentation for pickled cucumbers and sauerkraut and for other fermented liquids such as beer and wine . L. lactis has also been considered for the development of delivering vaccines. The bacterium can be genetically engineered to produce proteins from pathogenic species on their cell surfaces (Todar, 2011). This is done by injecting an animal with a modified strain of the bacterium by way of a nasal spray. An immune response to the strain is obtained which provides an eventual immunity to the pathogen (Todar, 2011). Because L. lactis is non-pathogenic and non-colonizing it is a promising candidate for delivering biologically active proteins by mucosal routes. In a report by Chinese researchers it is described that recombinant L. lactis is applicable for the development of live mucosal vaccine against hepatitis B virus (HBV) (Zhang, Zhong, Huan, 2011). In a lab test mice were given an oral immunization and it induced both mucosal and systemic immune responses against HBV at the same magnitude. These results indicated that the lactococci-derived vaccines could be attractive candidates as alternative HBV vaccines for preventing hepatitis B (Zhang, Zhong, Huan, 2011). The increased research of L. lactis would be beneficial to people in underdeveloped countries and where sickness and other diseases is high. In conclusion, the bacterium Lactococcus lactis appears versatile. The current research suggests that, with more exploration, L. lactis can be used to improve the quality of dairy products as well as the health of individuals by way of vaccines.

The Effects of Political and Demographic Variables on Christian Coalition Scores :: Christianity Christian Religion Essays Research

The Effects of Political and Demographic Variables on Christian Coalition Scores One of the most interesting phenomena in American politics is the recent rise of the Christian right. First termed the "Moral Majority" by Jerry Falwell in the late 1970s, the Christian Right has undergone a name and a leader change. The Christian Coalition is currently led by Pat Robertson who seeks to continue much of the early work pioneered by the Moral Majority. The Moral Majority sought to reintroduce Christian principles into the political sphere. The Christian Coalition focuses on continuing these efforts in an attempt to reverse "the moral decay that threatens our great nation" (Christian Coalition, 1996). The purpose of this research is to measure the political and demographic variables on House representatives' frequency of voting with the Christian Coalition agenda. This is measured by the Christian Coalition's Congressional Scorecard as the percentage a representative supports the position held by the Coalition. The independent variables used in this research include: party affiliation of the representative, how the district voted in the 1988 presidential election, the percent minority in the district of voting age, percentage of district who had attended some college, and the median household income of the district. These are examined to analyze their independent and collective effect on the representative's frequency of supporting the Christian Coalition (CC) agenda. The following hypotheses are the expected empirical patterns based upon logic and conventional wisdom. It is expected that party affiliation will be a major factor in the frequency of a representative voting with the CC agenda, regardless of the non-partisan claim made by the CC organization. Specifically, if a representative were a Republican, she or he would vote more consistently with the CC agenda than a Democrat. Additionally, it is hypothesized that the greater a district's vote for Republican George Bush in the 1988 presidential election, the higher their representative's support for the CC agenda. This assumption is based on the belief that a Republican vote for president would generally translate into the election of a Republican or at the least, a conservative Democrat representative. With regard to the percent minorities in a district, it is hypothesized that because high concentrations of minorities tend to live in urban areas, which tend to receive a large portion of social services and entitlements, the elected representative would not vote in favor of the CC agenda which often seeks to limit federal spending in these areas.

Progress for Undocumented Students in the United States

On June 15, 2012, President Barak Obama gave a brief speech on a new Department of Homeland Security Immigration policy. This new policy will benefit thousands of undocumented students living here in the United States that were brought by their parents since they were young children from their native home. A policy called the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals. As President Obama mentioned in his speech about what undocumented students are, he mentioned part of a sentence that got to me. President Obama stated the following, â€Å"They are Americans in their heart, in their minds, in every single way but one, on paper† (Obama).This is very true in my point of view, as I have realized exactly just that growing up. As a young girl, I was never told whether or not I was documented or not; whether I was a citizen of where I was growing up or I wasn’t. I was never worried about my legal status in the United States. My main focus has always been school and progressing to be a well-educated citizen that is part of the United States. That’s how I see myself as, as of today; a citizen of the United States, perhaps not in paper, but in heart. This is the place where I have been raised since the age of two, till today at the age of 17 even knowing that I am undocumented.I love the fact knowing I’m Mexican and will always be by my culture and by a large majority of my family, but that’s not the place I know by heart or grew up. That is not the country that has helped my progress as an individual. It is here in the United States where my hopes and dreams are at for a better future. The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals will open job opportunities for undocumented students, avoid being deported back to their native country for at least two years, and give them a sense of hope to apply for college and scholarships, no longer fearing of being denied because they do not have a social security number.Although the process for this polic y will take a while and cost hundreds of dollars, thousands of undocumented students will be thankful for this opportunity given by the Department of Homeland Security Immigration services. As well, as thanking President Obama for making this step by step process a reality. The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals also known as the DACA policy was first heard of on June 15, 2012. That day President Obama made a public speech that lasted almost nine minutes long explaining how this will help undocumented students living in the United States since they were young children.The DACA is NOT a path to citizenship right away, but a sense of relief for undocumented students. This policy will has its requirements to be able to apply for it and be eligible. Around Mid-August of 2012, the Department of Homeland Security Immigration services started receiving about 180,000 applications and 4,500 of those applications were eligible for the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals policy. However , in the first two months â€Å"U. S. Citizenship and Immigration Services received and accepted for processing 179,794 deferred-action requests† (Fitz, Oakford, Garcia).In order to be eligible an undocumented student must have been living here in the United States before their 16th birthday, be under the age of 31 years of age, were in the Unites States on June 15, 2012, have proof that they are still attending school or have graduated, serving in the U. S. military, have been living here in the United States for 5 continuous years without leaving the country, and have no felonies, no more than three misdemeanors or significant ones, and not considered a public or national threat (â€Å"†).Proof that can show that you have all those necessary requirements are certificates a student may have received from school, house bills, medical records, even something as simple as old receipts from stores that someone may have. As soon as an undocumented student has all that, the y can apply for the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals policy and will most likely be eligible. Undocumented students come from all over the world, not just Mexico, or Spanish speaking countries as many close-minded people believe.It is sad how when someone sees a Hispanic/Latino student they automatically think they are undocumented and are from Mexico. That is not always the case. There are Hispanic/Latino students in the United States that are documented. The reason why many parents risk their life to come here to the United States as an immigrant is because they want a better future for their kids. Even when they have children in their native country, they try their best to bring them to the United States along with them as young children so they are able to get a better education and life.For their kids to be able to receive and have a life that will be a million times better than the one they would have if they stayed in their native country. Every day I am grateful for th e risk my mother took for me. For giving me the chance to grow up in a country where I know I am getting a better education. Where I was taught English as my second language and have mastered it just as much as Spanish that is my native language. The United States is where I feel like I am home. Although at times I had the fear of being deported, or have racial comments said to, this is still home.Mexico is only a country where I was born at, raised for the first two years of my life, but remember nothing about it except in pictures, and not know how it is to live there personally. *This data was taken from the (Fitz, Oakford, Garcia) article. Within their article they have a map where you can zoom in and see exactly where undocumented students that applied for the DACA came from and how many. Here, I did it by region and visualized the number of approximately the thousands of undocumented students are originally from by adding them up region by region.Australia and Canada are the o nly two regions where there were not a number of thousand. Only a total of just 9 undocumented students came from Australia and 114 from Canada that applied for the DACA. In total there is an approximately of 172,624 undocumented students. * The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals is a step by step policy that takes in between 4-6 months to process, as well cost hundreds perhaps even thousands of dollars per undocumented student that can apply and be eligible.There a 3 forms that must be filled out and processed to United States Citizenship and Immigration Services to be looked at and be handled case by case. The 3 forms that MUST be filled out are Form I-821D, the Application for Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, Form I-765, the Application for Employment Authorization Document (EAD), and lastly Form I-765WS, the Employment Authorization Worksheet. There is also a â€Å"recommended, but not mandatory† form which is Form G-1145, the E-Notification of Application/Peti tion Acceptance (â€Å"†). On top of those forms that need to be filled out, there are fees.Form I-821D has a fee of $465, a $380 work authorization fee, and an $85 fee for biometrics. All of those fees put together, already make a total of $930. Additional fees are getting the birth certificate of the undocumented student translated into English, which is usually around $35 and getting a criminal record to prove that, that student had no felonies, misdemeanors, or are a public or national threat in society, which usually costs $25. There, there are an additional $60 added; for a grand total of $990 spend per undocumented student, almost reaching $1,000.Once all forms, translated birth certificate, criminal record, and the proof necessary that shows that an undocumented students has been here for more than 5 continuous years, still in school, or have already graduated, or are serving in the U. S. military, are gathered together, they are then sent to the United States Citizen ship for Immigration Services. There they take a look at case by case that is sent to them. Afterwards, the student will receive an e-mail 1 to 4 weeks later after sending their applications, where they can take a look of their applications progress.Then, within 2 to 4 months, the student will receive a letter by mail that will have their appointment to go get their biometrics done and the time that they need to be there by. On the day of the appointment, they must bring a type of identification, such as a passport from their native country. Their appointment will be at an Application Support Center also known as an ASC. Lastly, the last thing to do is wait for the approval for the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals policy, the working permit for 2 years, along with a social security number.Once the 2 years are up, they will have to continually re-new their working permit for another 2 years and so on. I have been blessed with the opportunity to be able to go to this process wit h no problem. Each case may be different for every person, meaning the process may be a long one or a short one. It is just estimated that most will last between 2 to 6 months. With the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals policy that the Department of Homeland Security Immigration Services gave to many undocumented students with hopes and dreams, this has lifted a weight off of my shoulders.I no longer have to wake up every day fearing that I may end up being deported back to my native country. That the next time I hear about a job opening in a place I know I can have a part-time job; I can go in and ask for an application. When I hear about a scholarship, I know I’ll be able to apply for it without have that thought in the back of my mind that I don’t have a social security number. My mother has worked her whole life to give me a better life because she knew that back in Mexico, I was never going to be able to get the opportunities I have here in the United States. My motivation has always been my mother, to give her break and thank her for everything that she has done for me and has provided me with. As an undocumented student you learn to be thankful for what you have and never take anything for granted. The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals policy, has opened much more opportunities for thousands and thousands of undocumented students and myself. School has always been a main priority, and will always be. I can now make my dreams of going to college a reality and make my mother and family members proud.All thanks to the Department of Homeland Security Immigration Services and President Barak Obama for giving that public announcement for the whole country to hear what undocumented students can go to help progress this country. We are not a threat, but a help for the country to progress economically. We are DREAMERS that will now make our dreams come true. We are fighting in the nations forces to protect this country. We are citizens of the United States in heart. As President Obama, mentioned in his speech, â€Å"It is the right thing to do† (Obama). Progress for Undocumented Students in the United States On June 15, 2012, President Barak Obama gave a brief speech on a new Department of Homeland Security Immigration policy. This new policy will benefit thousands of undocumented students living here in the United States that were brought by their parents since they were young children from their native home. A policy called the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals. As President Obama mentioned in his speech about what undocumented students are, he mentioned part of a sentence that got to me. President Obama stated the following, â€Å"They are Americans in their heart, in their minds, in every single way but one, on paper† (Obama).This is very true in my point of view, as I have realized exactly just that growing up. As a young girl, I was never told whether or not I was documented or not; whether I was a citizen of where I was growing up or I wasn’t. I was never worried about my legal status in the United States. My main focus has always been school and progressing to be a well-educated citizen that is part of the United States. That’s how I see myself as, as of today; a citizen of the United States, perhaps not in paper, but in heart. This is the place where I have been raised since the age of two, till today at the age of 17 even knowing that I am undocumented.I love the fact knowing I’m Mexican and will always be by my culture and by a large majority of my family, but that’s not the place I know by heart or grew up. That is not the country that has helped my progress as an individual. It is here in the United States where my hopes and dreams are at for a better future. The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals will open job opportunities for undocumented students, avoid being deported back to their native country for at least two years, and give them a sense of hope to apply for college and scholarships, no longer fearing of being denied because they do not have a social security number.Although the process for this polic y will take a while and cost hundreds of dollars, thousands of undocumented students will be thankful for this opportunity given by the Department of Homeland Security Immigration services. As well, as thanking President Obama for making this step by step process a reality. The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals also known as the DACA policy was first heard of on June 15, 2012. That day President Obama made a public speech that lasted almost nine minutes long explaining how this will help undocumented students living in the United States since they were young children.The DACA is NOT a path to citizenship right away, but a sense of relief for undocumented students. This policy will has its requirements to be able to apply for it and be eligible. Around Mid-August of 2012, the Department of Homeland Security Immigration services started receiving about 180,000 applications and 4,500 of those applications were eligible for the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals policy. However , in the first two months â€Å"U. S. Citizenship and Immigration Services received and accepted for processing 179,794 deferred-action requests† (Fitz, Oakford, Garcia).In order to be eligible an undocumented student must have been living here in the United States before their 16th birthday, be under the age of 31 years of age, were in the Unites States on June 15, 2012, have proof that they are still attending school or have graduated, serving in the U. S. military, have been living here in the United States for 5 continuous years without leaving the country, and have no felonies, no more than three misdemeanors or significant ones, and not considered a public or national threat (â€Å"†).Proof that can show that you have all those necessary requirements are certificates a student may have received from school, house bills, medical records, even something as simple as old receipts from stores that someone may have. As soon as an undocumented student has all that, the y can apply for the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals policy and will most likely be eligible. Undocumented students come from all over the world, not just Mexico, or Spanish speaking countries as many close-minded people believe.It is sad how when someone sees a Hispanic/Latino student they automatically think they are undocumented and are from Mexico. That is not always the case. There are Hispanic/Latino students in the United States that are documented. The reason why many parents risk their life to come here to the United States as an immigrant is because they want a better future for their kids. Even when they have children in their native country, they try their best to bring them to the United States along with them as young children so they are able to get a better education and life.For their kids to be able to receive and have a life that will be a million times better than the one they would have if they stayed in their native country. Every day I am grateful for th e risk my mother took for me. For giving me the chance to grow up in a country where I know I am getting a better education. Where I was taught English as my second language and have mastered it just as much as Spanish that is my native language. The United States is where I feel like I am home. Although at times I had the fear of being deported, or have racial comments said to, this is still home.Mexico is only a country where I was born at, raised for the first two years of my life, but remember nothing about it except in pictures, and not know how it is to live there personally. *This data was taken from the (Fitz, Oakford, Garcia) article. Within their article they have a map where you can zoom in and see exactly where undocumented students that applied for the DACA came from and how many. Here, I did it by region and visualized the number of approximately the thousands of undocumented students are originally from by adding them up region by region.Australia and Canada are the o nly two regions where there were not a number of thousand. Only a total of just 9 undocumented students came from Australia and 114 from Canada that applied for the DACA. In total there is an approximately of 172,624 undocumented students. * The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals is a step by step policy that takes in between 4-6 months to process, as well cost hundreds perhaps even thousands of dollars per undocumented student that can apply and be eligible.There a 3 forms that must be filled out and processed to United States Citizenship and Immigration Services to be looked at and be handled case by case. The 3 forms that MUST be filled out are Form I-821D, the Application for Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, Form I-765, the Application for Employment Authorization Document (EAD), and lastly Form I-765WS, the Employment Authorization Worksheet. There is also a â€Å"recommended, but not mandatory† form which is Form G-1145, the E-Notification of Application/Peti tion Acceptance (â€Å"†). On top of those forms that need to be filled out, there are fees.Form I-821D has a fee of $465, a $380 work authorization fee, and an $85 fee for biometrics. All of those fees put together, already make a total of $930. Additional fees are getting the birth certificate of the undocumented student translated into English, which is usually around $35 and getting a criminal record to prove that, that student had no felonies, misdemeanors, or are a public or national threat in society, which usually costs $25. There, there are an additional $60 added; for a grand total of $990 spend per undocumented student, almost reaching $1,000.Once all forms, translated birth certificate, criminal record, and the proof necessary that shows that an undocumented students has been here for more than 5 continuous years, still in school, or have already graduated, or are serving in the U. S. military, are gathered together, they are then sent to the United States Citizen ship for Immigration Services. There they take a look at case by case that is sent to them. Afterwards, the student will receive an e-mail 1 to 4 weeks later after sending their applications, where they can take a look of their applications progress.Then, within 2 to 4 months, the student will receive a letter by mail that will have their appointment to go get their biometrics done and the time that they need to be there by. On the day of the appointment, they must bring a type of identification, such as a passport from their native country. Their appointment will be at an Application Support Center also known as an ASC. Lastly, the last thing to do is wait for the approval for the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals policy, the working permit for 2 years, along with a social security number.Once the 2 years are up, they will have to continually re-new their working permit for another 2 years and so on. I have been blessed with the opportunity to be able to go to this process wit h no problem. Each case may be different for every person, meaning the process may be a long one or a short one. It is just estimated that most will last between 2 to 6 months. With the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals policy that the Department of Homeland Security Immigration Services gave to many undocumented students with hopes and dreams, this has lifted a weight off of my shoulders.I no longer have to wake up every day fearing that I may end up being deported back to my native country. That the next time I hear about a job opening in a place I know I can have a part-time job; I can go in and ask for an application. When I hear about a scholarship, I know I’ll be able to apply for it without have that thought in the back of my mind that I don’t have a social security number. My mother has worked her whole life to give me a better life because she knew that back in Mexico, I was never going to be able to get the opportunities I have here in the United States. My motivation has always been my mother, to give her break and thank her for everything that she has done for me and has provided me with. As an undocumented student you learn to be thankful for what you have and never take anything for granted. The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals policy, has opened much more opportunities for thousands and thousands of undocumented students and myself. School has always been a main priority, and will always be. I can now make my dreams of going to college a reality and make my mother and family members proud.All thanks to the Department of Homeland Security Immigration Services and President Barak Obama for giving that public announcement for the whole country to hear what undocumented students can go to help progress this country. We are not a threat, but a help for the country to progress economically. We are DREAMERS that will now make our dreams come true. We are fighting in the nations forces to protect this country. We are citizens of the United States in heart. As President Obama, mentioned in his speech, â€Å"It is the right thing to do† (Obama).

Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra essays

Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra essays founded in 1895, gave its first concert the following year under the direction of Frederic Archer. Victor Herbert was the chief conductor from 1898 to 1904; he was succeeded by Emil Paur (190410). The orchestra was then disbanded. It was revived in 1926, and over the next decade it was led by Elias Breeskin (192730) and Antonio Modarelli (193037). The orchestra was reorganized by Otto Klemperer in 1937. Fritz Reiner was chief conductor from 1938 to 1948, followed by William Steinberg (195276), Andr Previn (197684), Lorin Maazel (198495), and Mariss Jansons (1995). Since 1971 the orchestra has performed in Heinz Hall, the renovated Loews Penn Theater (built 1927). To truly understand Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra we have to understand what symphony is. Symphony is an extended work for orchestra, usually in three or four movements. It is traditionally regarded as the central form of orchestral composition. In the 17th century the term was used in other senses: for concerted motets, for introductory movements to operas for instrumental introductions and sections within arias and ensembles, and for ensemble pieces, which might be classified as sonatas or concertos. The roots of the symphony are found in the earlier Baroque period, when composers enjoyed creating pieces for small groups of instruments, sometimes featuring a solo instrument. These concertos, such as those by Vivaldi, Bach, and Corelli, were one source from which the symphony evolved. Another was the Italian opera. In particular, the symphony developed from the Italian operatic overture, or "sinfonia," which by about 1700 had become the expected musical beginning of an opera. The sinfonia was a purely instrumental composition made of three sections, a fast section at the beginning and the end, and a slow section in the middle. Alessandro Scarlatti (1659-1725) was particularly influential in establish...

Olaudah Equiano Essays - Olaudah Equiano, Free Essays, Term Papers

Olaudah Equiano Essays - Olaudah Equiano, Free Essays, Term Papers Olaudah Equiano An ironsmith, ship steward, crewman, cook, clerk, navigator, amateur scientist, and even a hairdresser. These are all jobs that Olaudah Equiano held during his lifetime. He has been called the most influential African writer in both Africa, America and Britain before the Civil War, and was born in Essaka, Nigeria sometime during 1745 (O'Neale, 153). His family was part of the Ibo tribe, which was located in the North Ika Ibo region of Essaka. In his earliest years, Olaudah Equiano was trained in the art of war. His daily exercises included shooting and throwing javelins. As he states in his autobiography, two men and a woman, who came over the walls while the rest of the family was away, abducted Olaudah and his sister in 1756 (Equiano, 356). He was only eleven years old. The two of them would only be reunited when Equiano was sold a second time. They did not remain together that long because he would be sold again. Olaudah Equiano would eventually be sold to a man by the name of Michael Henry Pascal, an officer of the British Royal Navy, who set sail for the American continent. Michael Pascal renamed him Gustavus Vassa. In the years that followed, Olaudah became a great seaman and sailed around the world. His stops included the slave-trading islands of the West Indies, England, Ireland, Wales, France, Portugal, Italy, Central America, Georgia, Virginia, Philadelphia and New England. It seemed that he traveled everywhere except to where he really wanted to go, which was Africa. It was during these years that he learned the English language and values from a seaman by the name of Richard Baker. By 1759 Equiano had become fully articulate in the English language. He fought for the British during the seven-year war against France. Even though he had earned his freedom by fighting in the war, Pascal would not grant Equiano his freedom. Instead he confiscated all of Equiano's books and sold him to the captain of a slave ship in 1763. His new owner, Robert King, would eventually sell Equiano his freedom in 1766 for 70 pounds. Robert King asked Equiano to remain as his employee and Equiano did. This led him to Georgia where he was almost captured and resold into slavery. It was also during this time that Equiano got rid of the name Gustavus Vassa. In 1768, Equiano returned to London, England and began an apprenticeship to a hairdresser. It was also during this time that he became employed by Dr. Charles Irving. It was with Dr. Irving that Equiano would go to the North Pole in 1773 and barely escaped death when their ship struck an iceberg. In 1786 Equiano was appointed commissary for Stores for the Black Poor. This was a social outreach group of the British antislavery movement that saw returning blacks to Africa as the best way to end British slave trade (O'Neale, 157). He was fired after five months because of a conflict he had with Joseph Irwin. This conflict drew criticism onto Equiano but he would regain his status in the abolition movement by publishing responses to the criticism in the British newspapers. In 1789, Equiano's autobiography was published in London and by 1790 Equiano was fully involved in the antislavery movement in Britain. He petitioned the Queen and the Parliament to end the slavery. The following year the autobiography was published in America. It has been said no black voice before Frederick Douglass in his Narrative of 1845 spoke so movingly to American readers about inhumanity (Murphy,354). Equiano would finally settle and marry Susan Cullen on April 7, 1792. They had two girls who were named Ann Marie and Johana. Some sources say Equiano died in 1801 while others say 1797. We are not sure which one is correct. One of his daughters did die a few months after he did. His wife and other daughter then left the limelight and no record of them has been found. Equiano's book has lasted over two hundred years and has gone through eight editions. And is still being called the most successful prose work written by an African in the Western World until the start of the Amer ican

The Isolation of Prisoners in the United States Research Paper

The Isolation of Prisoners in the United States - Research Paper Example In the year 2005, the case that was placed against the California state was by a prisoner of African-American origin who had been placed in isolation since the year 1987. The prisoner finally filed his case and argued that he deserved â€Å"Equal Protection.† The Court ruled against the state and put forward the fact that such isolation was not legal. This case clearly explained the fact that racial isolation in prisons was being practised up until the year 2005 and stronger measures were essential to overcome this issue (Palmer 2010). Isolation of prisoners who report being HIV positive and their compulsory testing for this disease has also been a controversial problem. According to the guidelines of the World Health Organization, this separation of HIV and AIDS positive prisoners is against the ethical and moral laws. There are many underlying reasons presented for this stand of the WHO. It is clearly explained that HIV is not a disease which can spread by â€Å"casual contact† and hence if the reason provided for this isolation is the prevention of spread, it is not justified. There are many disadvantages of separation of these prisoners. This is because other prisoners would not wish to be tested for HIV as they would not wish to be isolated from jail mates. Furthermore, the patients who would be HIV positive would also not come forward for treatment owing to the fear of being kept alone. This forced isolation would also create an image of the HIV positive prisoners as being dangerous and thus they would be subjected to bias from their officials as well as other fellow prisoners.

Macroeconomics Problem Set 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Macroeconomics Problem Set 3 - Assignment Example d. What will the capital-output ratio be at the Golden Rule steady-state? (Hint: recall from Chapter 3 that for the Cobb-Douglas production function, the capital-output ratio is related to the marginal product of capital). 1. In this question, we examine how the goals of the Federal Reserve influence its response to shocks. Suppose that in scenario A, the Fed cares only about keeping the price level stable whereas in scenario B, the Fed cares only about keeping output and employment at their natural levels. Explain how in each scenario the Fed would respond to the following: A decrease in velocity causes a downward shift on the aggregate demand. Prices are fixed in the short run meaning only output decreases. To ensure output and unemployment are at their natural rates Fed B should increase the money supply to attain the initial equilibrium where prices and output will be constant. Fed, A should also increase the money supply to shift the aggregate demand curve upwards since this is the only way to ensure stable prices at their original equilibrium. This results to an upward shift of the supply curve. To ensure stable prices, Fed B should hold aggregate demand constant since prices will rise in the short run and then fall in the long run achieving the natural rate of unemployment. This might however result to a recession. To keep output and unemployment at their natural rate Fed B should increase the money supply hence shift the aggregate demand curve upwards. This results to a new equilibrium at higher prices, but there is no loss in output. Based on the quantity equation MV=PY, if Fed reduces the money supply by 5% the aggregate demand curve will shift downwards. A decrease in M will hence result in a decrease in PY provided V is constant. In the short run, the assumption is that the price levels are fixed meaning that that the aggregate